Expert Pearls
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Letter "B"
Categories beginning with "B"
Entries beginning with "B"
Back Pain - Acidic environment Acidic environment in disc and surrounding tissue is one cause of pain. [J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2001;15:179- 183. 39177 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Back Pain - Acidic environment - 2 Acidic environment in disc and surrounding tissue is one cause of pain. [J Musculoskeletal Med, October, 1995:33-39. 23397A/23397 (1996)] Summary Interview |
Back Pain - Alkalizing minerals Alkalizing minerals - Basica 30 g (equivalent to 43 meq of alkaline salts; lactose based mixture of various minerals and trace elements, all as the salt of citric acid. These mineral citrates have an alkalizing effect and increase the buffering capacity in the body.). [J Trace Elem Med Biol, 2001;15: 179-183. 39177 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Breath Therapy (hands-on mind-body therapy that integrates movement, meditation, touch and body-awareness training, primarily through focusing on the physical sensations from the movements of the breath) [Altern Ther Health Med. 2005 Jul-Aug;11(4):44-52. 43587/43541 (9/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Exercise - Intensive Dynamic Back Exercise Program: Cycle training x 5 minutes; followed by 4 exercises x 10 repetitions with 1 minute rest between series; all 4 exercises, including warm-up are carried out 50 times; this program is repeated (total dosage 100 repetitions per exercise); total training time is 1.0 - 1.5 hours. [Scand J Med Sci Sports, 1996;6:82-87. 25936 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Back Pain - Exercise/Extension/Flexon Exercise - Extension (90% of sufferers) and flexion (10% of sufferers) exercises are beneficial. [J Musculoskeletal Med, October, 1995:33-39. 23397A/ 23397 (1996)] Summary Interview |
| Manipulation from chiropractic, osteopathic and physiotherapists cost-effective over exercise, and manipulation plus exercise. [Br Med J, 2004;329: 1381-1385. 42517 (7/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Back Pain - Willow Bark extract Willow Bark extract 120 and 240 mg/d of salicin(COX-2 and cytokine release inhibitor). [Am J Med, 2000;109:9-14. 35886 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Behavior (violent) - Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 normal ranges should be 600 to 2000 pg/ml. Below 550 to 600 pg/ml deficiencies start to appear in the CSF. Humans are born with serum levels of about 2000 pg/ml, which decline gradually throughout life. [Medical Hypotheses, 1991;34:131-140. 28725 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Behavior Disorder - Soft drink consumption Soft drink consumption of 4 or more glasses per day was linearly associated with adverse behavior. [Am J Public Health, 2006 Oct;96(10):1815-20. 44971/45340 (11/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Sugar of any kind whether by itself or in the context of a whole food diet had no effect on behavior. [JAMA, November 22/29, 1995;274(20):1617-1622. 23659 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Sugar effects behavior negatively. [J Learning Disabilities, 1979;12:42-50. 24067 (1996)] Summary Interview |
Behavior Disorder - Vitamin B1 Vitamin B1 need is increased in the high, carbohydrate-rich diets in developed countries. [J Am Coll Nutr, 1988;7(1):61-67. 29204 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Behcet’s Disease - Zinc sulfate Zinc sulfate 100 mg (22.7 mg elemental zinc) t.i.d. with meals. [J Dermatol, 2006 Aug;33(8):541-6. 45003/45281 (1/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) - Beta-sitosterol Beta-sitosterol (free) 65 mg b.i.d.. [Br J Urology, 1997;80:427-432. 28206 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) - Diet Diet - Pritikin Program of a low-fat diet with a good omega-6:omega-3 fatty acids, high in fiber consisting of natural foods, whole grains, fruits and vegetables; 60 minutes of daily aerobic activities as well as stretching and flexibility; and resistance training 3 days per week slowed cultured prostate cell epithelial growth with no change in apoptosis. [Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis, 2008 Feb 19; [Epub ahead of print]. 46077 (4/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) - Tomato paste Tomato paste 50 gm/d (reduce PSA 10.77%). [Braz J Med Biol Res, 2006;39(8): 1115-9. 44543 (10/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy (BPH) - Walnuts Walnuts 75 gm (3.0 oz = 3/4 cup) /d. [Nutr J, 2008;7(1):13. 46327 (8/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - adominal fat - 50084 Abdominal fat mass in adults was inversely associated with bone mass at the femur and spine in women. For a given body weight, those with higher fat mass near the abdomen has a lower bone mineral density. Cytokines are involved in the balance between formation and resorption. Centrally located body fat is more metabolically active than fat located elsewhere in the body as it releases a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause local inflammation. Systemic inflammation can increase osteoclast formation, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Abdominal fat mass was associated with lower serum concentrations of osteocalcin. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2011 Oct;94(4):1063-70. Epub 2011 Aug 24. 50084 (5/2012)] Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - alpha linolenic acid - 44995 / 45647 Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) enriched diets from walnuts; walnut and flax oil reduce markers of bone loss and inflammation (NTX and inflammatory cytokines). [Nutr J, 2007 Jan 16;6(1):2 [Epub ahead of print] 44995 / 45647 (3/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Anions - substitution of metabolizable organic anions (e.g., bicarbonate, acetate, citrate) for the inorganic, or “hard” anions (e.g., chloride, sulfate) leads to a reduction in urinary calcium loss. [J Nutr, 1998;128: 1054-1057. 31858 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - antioxidant therapy - 46840 Antioxidant therapy - vitamin C 1000 mg/d and vitamin E 600 mg/d with breakfast. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary |
Bone Loss - antioxidant therapy - 46840 Antioxidant therapy - vitamin C 1000 mg/d and vitamin E 600 mg/d with breakfast. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Boron supplementation modestly affects mineral status, and exercise modifies the effects of boron supplementation on serum minerals. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1995;61:341-345. 21766 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine without adequate calcium intake may be a risk factor for bone loss while caffeine with adequate calcium is probably not a risk factor. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1994;60:573-578. 21095 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine’s effect on calcium balance - for every 6 fl oz serving of caffeine-containing coffee, calcium balance was more negative by 4.6 mg. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine increases individual’s requirement for calcium. About 40 mg of additional calcium (equal to 1 fl oz of milk) would offset the negative effect of 6 fl oz of caffeine-containing coffee. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine intake is inversely associated with calcium intake and calcium absorption efficiency (coffee supplied about 93 percent of all the caffeine consumed by study subjects). [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d (calcium citramalate), zinc 15 mg/d, copper 2.5 mg/d and manganese 5.0 mg/d. [J Nutr,1994;124:1060-1064. 17018,18815; J Am Coll Nutr, 1993;12(4):383-389. 18815 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium - maximize bone calcium stores starting in infancy, or preconceptually, continuing well into the 25 to 35 year age bracket, may help optimized bone mineral density well into the later years of life. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1995;61:341-345. 21766 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium (from dairy products) and phosphorus were positively associated with bone density. [American Journal of Epidemiology, 1995;141:342-51. 21849 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium bioavailability from foods or supplements averages about 30%; maybe calcium citrate malate is a little better absorbed than other forms. [J Am Coll Nutr, 2000;19(2):119S-136S. 34927 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d plus 2 mg estriol increased BMD. [J Am Geriatri Soc, April 2002;50(4):777-778. 39257 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 gm/d (from carbonate) increased bone mass. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005;90(6):3153-3161. 43262 (8/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - calcium - 43866 / 44434 Calcium 800 mg/d plus vitamin D 800 iu/d. [JAMA, 2005 Nov 9;294(18):2336-41. 43866/44434 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d, vitamin D3 400 IU/d and vitamin K1 200 mcg/d increased radial bone mineral density. [J Bone Miner Res, 2007; 22(4): 509-519. 45133 (8/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Dairy products are as good a source of calcium as supplements and contain additional bone forming nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus and protein. [J Am Coll Nutr, 2000;19(2):83S-99S. 34929 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| DHEA cream (per 100 gms of cream:10 gms of DHEA; 16 gms of emulsifying wax; 10 gms of light mineral oil; 1 gm of benzyl alcohol; 33.4 gms of purified water; and 29.6 gms of ethanol 95%, patent pending). [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997;82:3498-3505. 29205 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - dhea - 34102 / 34012 DHEA 25-50 mg/d (men and women). [Endocrine, August 1999;11(1):1-11. 34102/34012 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| DHEA 50 mg/d in a.m.. [Am J Clin Nutr, March 25, 2009;89(5):1459-67 [Epub ahead of print]. 47092 (7/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Diet - fruit, vegetable and cereal diet had greater bone mineral density than the meat and dairy diet; diets containing the greatest amounts of sweets had the lowest bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2002;76:245-252. 39552 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - diet - 44428 / 44929 Diet - vegetables, fruits, fish, and soy products (benefit). [Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1185-92. 44428/44929 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - diet - 44428 / 44929 Diet - too much animal (except for fish) and dairy products; relatively low intake of green and dark yellow vegetables and beans (probably soybeans) may be bone loss risk factors in the Western diet. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1185-92. 44428/44929 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - estrogen - 12247 / 22386 Estrogen withdrawal (natural or surgical menopause, or with ovarian failure) leads to 15% loss of skeletal bone over a 2 or 3 year period and slightly less efficient calcium absorption. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 12247/22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Exercise with resistance (bands, weights, etc.) is better than weight bearing exercise for bone strength and health though both are beneficial. [Spine, 1996;21:2809-2813. 26348 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - fruit - seafood - 44437 Fruit and seafood intake is associated with increased bone density. [Maturitas, 2006 June 26; [Epub ahead of print]. 44437 (9/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - fruit - vegetable - 42591 / 45037 Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with increased bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 Jun;83(6):1420-8. 42591/45037 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - fruit - vegetable - 43791 Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with increased bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep; 82(3):700-6. 43791 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Genistein 54 mg/d in divided doses irregardless of meals increased BMD at 24 months. [Ann Intern Med, 2007; 146(12): 839-47. 45456 (9/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - green tea, tai chi - 49070 Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) at 500 mg per day (to mimic human consumption equivalent to 4-6 cups of green tea per day) taken in 250 mg capsules 2 times daily after meals by itself or with Tai Chi 3 times weekly at 60 minutes per session. [Osteoporos Int, 2011 July 16; [Epub ahead of print]. 49070 (4/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - homocysteine - 43680 / 43772 Homocysteine is elevated in serum. [Bone, 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/ 43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - inulin-type fructan - 43542 Inulin-type fructan 8 g/d (Raftilose® Synergy1®, Orafti, N.V., Tienen, Belgium). [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):471-6. 43542 (9/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - isoflavones - 36989 Isoflavones in soy containing foods such as tofu, kinako and natto, etc. are protective. [Osteoporos Int, 2000;11:721-724. 36989 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Magnesium 350 mg/d (elemental from magnesium carbonate and oxide in a dissolvable powder) reduced bone turnover in health males. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998;83:2742-2748. 30545 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - methylmalonic acid - 43680 / 43772 Methylmalonic acid elevated in serum. [Bone, 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/ 43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Milk intake inversely related to bone loss. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):700-6. 43791 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Minerals - higher intakes of magnesium and potassium were significantly associated with greater bone mineral density in both men and women (may buffer the acid load from standard diet, creating a more alkaline environment slowing mineral removal from bone). [Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:727-736. 32023 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Natto 1-4 servings per week (350 microgram of menaquinone-7 per serving; isoflavones). [J Nutr, 2006; 136(5):1323-8. 44310 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid - 43033 / 934-938 Omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio - increased ratio is associated with increased risk to bone loss. Reduce ratio by increasing omega-3's from fish, flax, walnuts, etc. and decrease omega-6's from vegetable oils and animal fat. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2005;81:934-938. 43033/934-938 5/2005] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - plant protein - 22584 Plant protein leads to less excretion of calcium and achieves calcium balance with lower calcium intake than an animal protein-rich diet. [Nutrition Research, 1994;14(12):1853-1895. 22584 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - premature delivery, vitamin d - 49003 Hypovitaminosis D in perinatal Japanese females (25-OHD concentration ≤ 20 ng/ml), was found in 85 mothers (89.5%). Serum 25-OHD levels were negatively associated with serum type I collagen NTx and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. Mothers with threatened premature delivery had significantly lower 25-OHD levels (11.2 ± 3.2 ng/ml) than those in mothers with normal delivery (15.6 ± 5.1 ng/ml). [J Bone Miner Metab, 2011 Sept; 29(5): 615-20. 49003 (2/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein - for every 1 gm of protein ingested, about 1 mg of calcium is lost in the urine. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein either from animal or plant is necessary for bone health with an alkaline diet from plant food reducing the sulfur amino acids which are metabolized to sulfuric acid which pulls calcium from bone when excreted. [J Nutr, 1998;128:1054-1057. 31858 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein - a high animal:vegetable protein ratio (4 x as much protein from animal than vegetable) had three times the rate of bone loss and 3.7 times as many hip fractures as the women in the low animal:vegetable protein ratio (equal amounts of protein from animal and vegetable foods). [Am J Clin Nutr, 2001;73:118-122. 36705 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - resistance training - 46840 Resistance training. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary |
Bone Loss - resistance training - 46840 Resistance training. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Sodium - for every 2,300 mg of sodium ingested, 52 mg of calcium is lost in the urine. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - soy protein - 35987 Soy protein isolate containing genistein (50.7 mg/day), daidzein (26.9 mg/day), and glycitein (2.8 mg/day) incorporated into muffins, common foods or beverages with a total protein intake of 40 gm/d from soy prevented spinal bone loss in estrogen deficient-postmenopausal women. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2000;72:844-852. 35987 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - testosterone - 43124 Testosterone enanthate 200 mg I.M. alone every 2 weeks or testosterone with finasteride 5 mg/d for 3 years significantly improved bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip in males 65 years of age and older. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2004;89(2):503-510. 43124 (6/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vegan diet - 48956 Vegan diets had a non-significant lower rate of bone loss than non-vegans, with lower calcium intake and vitamin D levels. [Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011 Aug 3; [Epub ahead of print]. 48956 (1/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin b12 - 43680 / 43772 Vitamin B12 low in serum. [Bone. 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin D (1 α-hydroxycholecalciferol 0.5 μg/d) plus K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Maturitas, 2002 Mar 25;41(3):211-21. 43720 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin d - 43866 / 44434 Vitamin D (25 dihydroxy vitamin D) ≥ 20 ng/mL or 50 nmol/L. [JAMA, 2005 Nov 9;294(18):2336-41. 43866/44434 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K administration decreased 2-h fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios, both markers of bone resorption. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K intake increased circulating osteocalcin and bone-derived alkaline phosphatase, both markers of bone formation. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15: 1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K is a cofactor in formation of Gla-residues in 3 bone proteins: osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein and protein S synthesized by bone forming osteoblasts. These Gla-proteins increase the calcium-binding capacity of the organic matrix of the bone. Vitamin K may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and reduce osteoclast activity (bone resorption). [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K is present in the bone matrix in high concentrations; inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts. [Challenges of Modern Medicine, 1995;7:357-366. 24458 (1996)] Summary Interview |
Bone Loss - vitamin k - 26239 / 26230 Vitamin K insufficiency is a potential risk factor. [Calcif. Tissue Int., 1996;59: 352-356. 26239/26230 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K is a cofactor in formation of Gla-residues in 3 bone proteins: osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein and protein S synthesized by bone forming osteoblasts. These Gla-proteins increase the calcium-binding capacity of the organic matrix of the bone. Vitamin K may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and reduce osteoclast activity (bone resorption). [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K in the diet improved status of bone properties, including markers of strength and porosity rather than bone mineral density. [Bone, 2011 April 4; [Epub ahead of print]. 48617 (5/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k1 - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) 1 mg/d. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/ 23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) 45 mg/d. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/ 23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 36989 Vitamin K2 90 mg/d. [Osteoporos Int, 2000;11:721-724. 36989 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 39149 Vitamin K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 43635 / 41865 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) 45 mg/d reduced bone loss and incidence of hepatic carcinoma in patients with viral cirrhosis. [JAMA, July 21, 2004;292(3):358-361. 43635/41865 (10/2004)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 43720 Vitamin K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Maturitas, 2002 Mar 25;41(3):211-21. 43720 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Anti-infective factors Anti-infective factors are in breastmilk (i.e. lysozymes, immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, nucleotides). [Clinical Pediatrics, June, 1994:325-329. 20842/20482 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis risk as an adult may be lowered by being breast fed as a child. [Am J Prev Med, 1995;11:26-33. 21844 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - dha, docosahexaenoic acid - 48916 DHA 400 mg/day (each softgel capsule containing 100 mg DHA) taken from the twelfth week of gestation and continued until the end of the fourth post-partum month in breast-feeding women improved cytotoxicity and reduced pro-inflammatory mediators in infants. [Mediators Inflamm. 2011;2011:493925 48916 (12/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus - being exclusively breast-fed for at least two months reduced risk to diabetes in Pima Indians by 50% compared to those not breast-fed. [The Lancet, July 19, 1997;350:166-168. 27905 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Duration - optimal practice is 6 months of exclusive breast feeding (World Health Organization). Current recommendation is 4 to 6 months of exclusive breast feeding. Gradual introduction of solid foods at 4 to 6 months - not for nutrition but for the baby to start learning how use muscles to chew the food. Continued breast feeding for a minimum of two years (World Health Organization). American Academy of Pediatrics says a minimum of one year. Worldwide, the average age at weaning is 4.2 years. [Am J Prev Med, 1995;11:26-33. 21844 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Ear infections Ear infections - the more a baby is exclusively breast fed in the first 6 months, the greater the protection against ear infections. [Am J Prev Med, 1995;11:26-33. 21844 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Infections - protection against ear infections and urinary tract infections persists for a significant period of time beyond the time that breast feeding stops. [Am J Prev Med, 1995;11:26-33. 21844 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Infections - 2 Infections - reduced diarrhea and respiratory infections. [Clinical Pediatrics, June, 1994:325-329. 20842/20482 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Microwaving frozen breast milk Microwaving frozen breast milk can reduce anti-infective factors. [Clinical Pediatrics, June, 1994:325-329. 20842/20482 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Breast Feeding - Premature infants Premature infants - mature breast milk may not be optimal nutrition for the premature infant. Ideal would be to take human breast milk and remove some of the water, concentrating the components including calcium, protein and all the anti-infective factors and give that to the premature infant. [Clinical Pediatrics, June, 1994:325-329. 20842/20482 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Toxins - Breast milk contamination from PCBs and dioxins derived from animal fats in foods, especially fish and dairy products, may cause subclinical symptoms in babies of mothers with high levels of PCBs and dioxins including immunosuppression, abnormal neurologic development and thyroid hormone dysregulation, and possibly problems with reproduction and cancer in the future. The toxic limit in breast milk is 80 pg TEQ/gr milk fat. Fish are polluted by manufacturers who dump chemicals into the rivers polluting lakes and the sea. Milk is contaminated by waste incinerators. [Eur J Obst Gynecol Repro Biol, 1995;61:73-78. 23706 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin D 6000 IU/d during lactation is safe and provides up to 500 IU of vitamin D to the infant. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80(suppl):1752S-1758S. 42457 (01/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Water addition to breast milk does not reduce anti-infective factors. [Clinical Pediatrics, June, 1994:325-329. 20842/20482 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
Bronchiectasis - Beta-carotene Bronchiectasis Beta-carotene 20 mg t.i.d. (0.6 mg/kg t.i.d.) lowered plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha and malondialdehyde. [Acta Paediatr, 2002;91:793-798. 39678 (2003)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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