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Home Articles Letter "C"

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Expert Pearls

Letter "C"
Categories beginning with "C"

C-Reactive Protein (lowering)

Cancer

Cancer (Bladder)

Cancer (Breast)

Cancer (cachexia)

Cancer (cemotherapy)

Cancer (colorectal)

Cancer (general)

Cancer (head and neck)

Cancer (hepatocellular)

Cancer (lung)

Cancer (nasopharyngeal)

Cancer (neurologic)

Cancer (oral)

Cancer (ovarian)

Cancer (pancreatic)

Cancer (prostate)

Cancer (radiation therapy)

Cancer (upper digestive)

Cancer (urogenital)

Candidiasis (oral)

Cardiac Function

Cardiomyopathy (idiopathic)

Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular Surgery

Carotid Atherosclerosis

Catabolic State

Cataract

Celiac Disease

Cellulite

Cerebral Atrophy

Cerebral Hypofusion

Cerebral Palsy

Cerebral Vascular Disease

Chemoprevention

Cholesterol Lowering

Chromium

Chronic Disease

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Cirrhosis

Clostridium Dificille (diarrhea)

Cognition

Colic (infantile)

Common Cold

Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS)

Constipation

Contraception

Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease)

Cough

Cough (URI)

Cow’s Milk

Critical Illness

Crohn’s Disease

Cystic Fibrosis


Entries beginning with "C"

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - alpha-linolenic acid - 42396

Alpha-linolenic acid 8 g/d. [Br J Nutr, 2004;92:649-655. 42396 (02/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - cereal fiber - 44054

Cereal fiber consumption lowered C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin. [Diabetes Care,2006; 29(2): 207-11. 44054 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - chocolate - 46679

Chocolate (dark) 20 gms every 3 days lowered CRP. [J Nutr, 2008; 138(10): 1939-45. 46679 (12/2008)] Summary PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - fiber - 44191 / 44784

Fiber - increase fiber intake 20-35 gm (inversely related to CRP levels). [Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 Apr;83(4):760-6. 44191 / 44784 (5/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - fiber - 47014

Fiber (dietary) consumption between 3.3 - 7.8 g/MJ significantly lowered CRP by 25% - 54%. [Eur J Clin Nutr, 2009 Feb 18; [Epub ahead of print]. 47014 (5/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - fruit and vegetables - 44896

Fruit and vegetable intake reduce CRP. [Am J Clin Nut., 2006;84(6):1489-97. 44896 (2/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - functional foods - 49152

Function foods resulting in low glycemic meals (antioxidant-rich foods, oily fish for omega-3 fatty acids, viscous dietary fibers, soybean and whole barley kernel products, almonds, stanols and a probiotic). Risk factors reduced were plasma levels of blood lipids (total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglycerides), lipoprotein fractions and CRP, and a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure. [Nutr Metab (Lond), 2012 April 2;9(1):29. 49152 (5/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - garlic - 49298

Garlic - aged garlic extract compound (Kyolic Formula 109) delivering1200 mg of AGE and 120 mg of CoQ10 (4 tablets per day). [Nutrition, 2012 Aug 1; [Epub ahead of print]. 49298 (8/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - isoflavone - 46714

Isoflavone 80 mg/day in a single dose with or without food. [Eur Heart J, 2008 Sept 23; [Epub ahead of print]. 46714 (12/2008)] Summary PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - magnesium - 44508

Magnesium > 400 mg/d. [Nutrition Research, 2006; 26(5):193-196. 44508 (9/2006)] Summary Interview

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - magnesium citrate - 45307

Magnesium citrate 300 mg/d in single or divided dose with or away from meals lowered CRP in congestive heart failure patients. [Eur J Nutr, 2007 May 3; [Epub ahead of print]. 45307 (7/2007)] Summary Interview

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - mediterranean diet - 43997/44405

Mediterranean diet reduced CRP levels (high consumption of fruits, vegetables, bread and other cereals, potatoes, beans, nuts and seeds; olive oil is an important monounsaturated fat source; dairy products, fish and poultry are consumed in low to moderate amounts, and little red meat is eaten; eggs are consumed zero to four times a week; wine is consumed in low to moderate amounts). [Ann Nutr Metab, 2006;50(1):20-4. Epub 2005 Nov 4. 43997/44405 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - protein - 46326

Protein (30% soy protein, 35% textured soy protein and 35% animal protein) .8 mg/kg/d. [Diabetes Care, 2008; 31(4): 648-54. 46326 (8/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - pycnogenol™ - 46883

Pycnogenol™ 50 mg per tablet taken twice a day, after breakfast and after dinner. [Redox Rep, 2008; 13(6): 271-6. 46883 (3/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - sea buckthorn berries - 45469

Sea buckthorn berries 28 g/d (16.7 mg/d of flavonol glycosides = 8.4 mg/d of flavonol aglycones; vitamin C 15.6 mg/d and vitamin E - alpha-tocopherol 1.1 mg/d) reduced CRP levels. [Eur J Clin Nutr, 2007 Jun 27; [Epub ahead of print]. 45469 (9/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - vitamin C - 46780

Vitamin C 1000 mg/d in divided doses morning and evening with meals. [Free Radic Biol Med, 2008 Oct 10; [Epub ahead of print]. 46780 (12/2008)] Summary PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - vitamin E - 35817

Vitamin E 800 IU/d in type II diabetics. [Diabetes Care, June, 2000;23(6):733-738. 35817 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - weight loss - 46780

Weight loss. [Free Radic Biol Med, 2008 Oct 10; [Epub ahead of print]. 46780 (12/2008)] Summary PubMed

C-Reactive Protein (lowering) - whole grain - 44054

Whole grain consumption lowered C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and insulin. [Diabetes Care,2006; 29(2): 207-11. 44054 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (bladder) - Vitamin/mineral

Vitamin/mineral combination - vitamin A 40,000 U/d, vitamin B6 100 mg/d, vitamin C 2000 mg/d, vitamin E 400 U/d, zinc 90 mg/d and remaining multiple vitamins at the daily recommended allowances x 4 years reduced cancer recurrence by 40%. [Family Practice News, December 15, 1996;12. 23928; The Journal of Urology, January 1994;151:21-26. 19736 (1996)] Summary Interview

Cancer (breast) - 2-OHE to16α-OHE1 - 43897

2-OHE to16α-OHE1 (high levels increase risk in HRT users). [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Sep;14(9):2137-42. 43897 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - alcohol - 32125

Alcohol consumption increases risk, which may be reduced by adequate folate intake (among women who consumed approximately one drink per day of alcohol, the risk of breast cancer was highest among those with low folate intake. [JAMA, May 5, 1999;281(17):1632-1637. 32125 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - breastfeeding - 21844

Breastfeeding reduces premenopausal risk. [Am J Prev Med, 1995;11;26-33. 21844 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - carbohydrate - 46879

Carbohydrate intake correlated with increased breast cancer risk in urban setting (Shanghai).

[Am J Clin Nutr, Jan 2009;89(1):283-9. Epub 2008 Dec 3. 46879 (4/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - carnitine - 45095

Carnitine in vitro did not inhibit the efficacy of epirubicin against breast cancer cells. It may be beneficial in breast cancer patients to protect against cardiotoxocity while enhancing drug efficacy. [Cancer Lett, 2007 Feb 1; [Epub ahead of print]. 45095 (5/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - diet - fiber - vegetables - 45000/45596

Diets higher in dietary fiber, vegetables and other nutrients, including folate, vitamin C and carotenoids (e.g.beta-carotene) improved overall survival, while eating higher amounts of fat reduced overall survival after breast cancer diagnosis. [Nutr Cancer, 2006;55(2):132-40. 45000/45596 (4/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - diet - fish - vegetables - 24884

Diets high in raw vegetables and fish conferred a significant protection against breast cancer (about 30% decreased risk in the highest intake quintile). [Lancet, May 18, 1996;347:1351-1356. 24884 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - diet - starch - 24884

Diets with increasing intakes of starch, chiefly from refined bread and pasta, had an increased risk of breast cancer. [Lancet, May 18, 1996;347:1351-1356. 24884 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - dietary fat - 22879

Diets going from high fat to low fat decreased the proliferation of mammary carcinoma. [Oncology, 1995;52:265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - exercise - 43958/44289

Exercise, its total duration, especially late afternoon or evening, increases night-time melatonin production and may be chemopreventive. [Am J Epidemiol, 2005 Dec 1;162(11):1114-22. Epub 2005 Oct 5. 43958/ 44289 (1/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - fish - 22879

Fish consumption protects against human breast cancer. [Oncology, 1995;52: 265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - folic acid - 43734

Folic acid higher in the diet reduced risk to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer. [Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Aug;14(8):2004-8. 43734 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - ginseng root - 44431/44878

Ginseng root 1.3 mg/d (p. quinquefolius, American Ginseng). [Am J Epidemiol, 2006 Apr 1;163(7):645-53. Epub 2006 Feb 16. 44431/44878 (5/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - linoleic acid - 22879

Linoleic acid in either animal, meat or vegetable oils is associated with breast cancer risk. [Oncology, 1995;52:265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - magnesium - 48726

Magnesium oxide 400 mg escalating to 800 mg by mouth daily, many times taken before bed reduced hot flash frequency and severity. [Support Care Cancer, 2011 June;19(6):859-63. 48726 (08/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - mammography

Mammography screening (and breast exams) at age 50 and beyond reduces the rate of breast cancer death by 30%. [Ann Int Med, April 1, 1995;122(7): 550-552 (1996)] PubMed

Cancer (breast) - mammography - 50150

Screening mammography over the last quarter century has more than doubled the rate at which women in the U.S. have been identified with early-stage breast cancer; has artificially inflated the cure rate; and has had little impact on the reduction in breast cancer deaths and the rate at which women present with late-stage cancer or metastatic cancer. Screening mammography has led to the overdiagnosis of an estimated one million women who were told they have early-stage cancer – most of whom underwent surgery, radiation, hormone therapy, molecularly-targeted therapy and in some cases chemotherapy – for a “cancer” that was never destined to progress to late-stage. Screening mammography costs 4 billion dollars a year in the U.S.. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines are more appropriate recommending 13 scans between the ages 50 and 75 at two year intervals.

[N Engl J Med. 2012 Nov 22;367(21):1998-2005. 50150 (12/2012)] Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - multivitamin, vitamin c, vitamin e - 48430

Vitamin (C, E, multivitamin) use shortly after breast cancer diagnosis was associated with reduced mortality and recurrence risk. [ Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2010 Dec 21; [Epub ahead of print]. 48430 (2/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - omega-3 fatty acid - 46920

Omega-3 fatty acid eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) elevated in RBC is protective. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2009; 89(1):265-76. 46920 (4/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - omega-3 fatty acids - 22879

Omega-3 fatty acids are effective not only for breast cancer prevention but also for adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. [Oncology, 1995;52:265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - omega-3 fatty acids - 22879

Fatty acids - dietary omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosapentaenoic acid (DHA) reduce mammary tumorogenesis and tumor growth. [Oncology, 1995;52:265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - omega-3:6 fatty acids - 22879

Omega-3:omega-6 fatty acids ratio closer to one inhibits tumor growth. [Oncology, 1995; 52:265-271. 22879 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - stress - 24277

Stress - severely threatening life events increased the risk of breast cancer by 11.64 times. [BMJ, December 9, 1995;311:1527-1530. 24277 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - unsaturated fatty acids - 24884

Diets high in unsaturated fatty acids (olive oil and seed oils) were associated with a decreased risk. [Lancet, May 18, 1996;347:1351-1356. 24884 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - vitamin D - 43736

Vitamin D 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels (plasma) were inversely related to breast cancer; cases had lowest levels. [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Aug;14(8):1991-7. 43736 (11/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (breast) - Vitamin D - 43736

Vitamin D 1, 25-dihydroxy vitamin D (highest levels had reduced risk). [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Aug;14(8):1991-7. 43736 (11/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (cachexia) - carnitine - 48628

L-carnitine 1 gram B.I.D. daily after meals.
[J Cachex Sarcopenia Muscle, 2011 March;2(1):37-44. 48628 (6/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (cachexia) - diet - 44453 / 44981

Diet with high polyphenol content (400 mg) plus antioxidant treatment (300 mg/d alpha-lipoic acid + 2.7 g/d carbocysteine lysine salt + 400 mg/d vitamin E + 30,000 IU/d vitamin A + 500 mg/d vitamin C), and pharmaconutritional support enriched with 2 cans per day (n-3)-PUFA (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid), 500 mg/d medroxyprogesterone acetate, and 200 mg/d selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor celecoxib. [Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 2006 May;15 (5):1030-4. 44453/44981 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (chemotherapy) - Antioxidants

Antioxidants are generally safe and beneficial given at the same time as chemotherapy and started 2 weeks prior to therapy (exceptions are the sulfhydryl antioxidants N-acetyl cysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and glutathione which may interfere with the activity of alkylating agents and platinum coordination complexes; selenium may interfere with platinum coordination complexes; flavonoids, polyphenols and St. John’s Wort may increase chemotherapeutic drug metabolism). [Nutr Cancer, 2000;37(1):1-18. 36236/35744 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (chemotherapy) - Selenium

Selenium (as kappa-selenocarrageenan) 4000 mcg/d 4 days before and 4 days after I.V. cisplatin significantly reduced nephrotoxicity and bone marrow suppression induced by cisplatin-containing chemotherapy. [Biol Trace Element Res, 1997;56:331-342. 27618 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (chemotherapy) - Vitamin E

Vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) 100 mg (25 IU/ kg/day) b.i.d. applied topically, or chewed, swished and swallowed, improved uncomplicated mucositis in chemotherapy treated pediatric cancer patients. Vitamin E 100 mg (25 IU/ kg/day) b.i.d. P.O. after meals may prevent mucositis. [J Clin Pediatr Dent, 2007; 31(3):167-70. 45438 (10/2008)] Summary PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Diet

Diet - increasing risk with increasing intake of bread and cereal dishes, potatoes, cakes and desserts and refined sugar. Intakes of fish, raw and cooked vegetables, and fruit other than citrus fruit showed an inverse risk. Consumption of eggs and meat (white, red or processed meats) had no effect. [Internat J Cancer, 1997;72:56-61. 27716 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Diet - 2

Diet - reduce risk with high intake of fruits, grains, nuts and vegetables. [JNCI, July 16, 1997;89(14):10006-10014. 27860 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Diet - 3

Diet - significant associations were observed for refined grain (OR=1.32 for an increase of one serving per day), and red meat (OR=1.54), pork and processed meat (OR=1.27), alcohol (OR=1.28), and significant protections for whole grain (OR=0.85), raw (OR=0.85) and cooked vegetables (OR=0.69), citrus (OR=0.86) and other fruits (OR=0.85), and for coffee (OR=0.73). Garlic was also protective (OR=0.32 for the highest tertile of intake). [Br J Can 1999;79(7/8): 1283-1287. 32144 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Folic acid

Folic acid 1 mg/d x 1 year reduced by 50% the recurrence of precancerous colon polyps. [Proc Assoc Am Physicians, 1995;107:218-227. 24343 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Folic acid - 2

Folic acid 10 mg/d x 6 months significantly reduced biochemical alterations thought to precede cancer in the colonic lining. [Proc Assoc Am Physicians, 1995;107:218-227. 24343 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Tea

Tea -10 cups Japanese green tea containing 1 gm tea polyphenols reduced risk. [Mutation Research, 1998;402:307-310. 30769/30770 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Vitamin D

Vitamin D 2000 IU/d increased serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D to 34 ng/ml and reduced colorectal cancer rate by 50%. [Am J Prev Med, 2007 Mar;32 (3):210-6. 45061/45894 (7/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Vitamin D - 2

Vitamin D - incidence rates of cancers of the breast, colon and ovary are much lower in sunny places in the world; cancers of the kidney and endometrium are lower in sunny regions; inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with cancers of the breast and ovary; and study showing vitamin D levels reduce colon cancer risk. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Vitamin E

Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol) 50 mg/d. [JNCI, July 16, 1997;89(14):10006-10014. 27860 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Wheat bran

Wheat bran is slowly fermented all along the colon. [Clinical Investigation, 1994;72:742-748. 21315 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (colorectal) - Whole grain

Whole grain intake is inversely related to colon cancer risk. [Br J Can 1999;79 (7/8): 1283-1287. 32144 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Antioxidant therapy

Antioxidant therapy: 1) alpha lipoic acid 200 mg/day orally; N-acetylcysteine 1800 mg/day i.v. or carboxycysteine-lysine salt 2.7 g/day orally; 2) amifostine 375 mg/day i.v.; 3) reduced glutathione 600 mg/day i.v.; 4) and a combination of vitamin A 30,000 IU/day orally, vitamin E 70 mg/day orally and vitamin C 500 mg/day orally. Each antioxidant treatment was administered for 10 consecutive days. All treatments reduced oxidative stress and markers of inflammation. [J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2003;22(1):17-28. 42913 (4/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Antioxidant therapy - 2

Antioxidant therapy: polyphenol-rich diet containing at least 400 mg/day (1-2 glasses of red wine + plus fresh fruit and vegetables such as apples, oranges, onions + green tea); alpha lipoic acid 200-300 mg/day; carbocysteine lysine salt 2.7 g/day (1 sachets); and a combination of vitamin A 30,000 IU/day, vitamin E 70 mg/day and vitamin C 500 mg/day orally. The best antioxidant regimen to give to an inpatient is the same as for home patients plus reduced glutathione 600 mg/day I.V.. [J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2003;22(1):17-28. 42913 (4/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Apheresis

Apheresis (whole blood filtration) reduces tumor necrosis factor receptors which inhibit tumor necrosis factor’s ability to destroy the cancer. [Therapeutic Apheresis, 1999;3(1):40-49. 36666 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Carnitine

Carnitine 6 gm/d. [Nutrition, 2006; 22(2): 136-45. 44062 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Cholesterol

Cholesterol lowering (fibrates and statins) causes cancer in rodent models. [JAMA, January 3, 1996;275(1):55-60. 24024/24021 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Diet

Diet during chemotherapy - a polyphenol-rich diet containing at least 400 mg/day; 1-2 glasses of red wine + plus fresh fruit and vegetables such as apples, oranges, onions + green tea. [J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol, 2003;22(1):17-28. 42913 (4/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Dietary prevention

Dietary prevention by consuming lots of green leafy vegetables (vitamin E); milk and dairy (CLA); fish (omega-3 fatty acids); tumeric and ginger used frequently in cooking; hot green or black tea with shreds of ginger. [Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty acids, 1996;54:3-16. 24636 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Glutamine

Glutamine 20-30 gm/d P.O. or I.V. for catabolic state. [J Nutr, 2001:2569S-2577S. 38827 (2003)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Green tea

Green tea (10 Japanese cups of green tea per day = 1 gm tea polyphenols) delayed cancer onset by 7.3 years among females and 3.2 years among males, compared with patients who consumed less than three cups per day. [Mutation Research, 1998;402:307-310. 30769/30770 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Melatonin

Melatonin 10-40 mg 1 hour before bed. [J Pineal Res, 2005 Nov;39(4):360-6. 44561 (4/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Melatonin - 2

Melatonin 10-40 mg 1 hour before bed. [Support Care Cancer, 2002;10:110-116. 39523 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Melatonin - 3

Melatonin 10-50 mg/d. [Am J Hospice Palliative Med, July/August 2005;22(4):295-305. 43503 (9/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Melatonin - 4

Melatonin - more data on benefit in cancer treatment than prevention - both promising. [Cancer Res, 2006 Oct 15;66(20):9789-93. 45406 (2/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - N-acetylcysteine

N-acetylcysteine 600 mg/d may prevent secondary tumors in treated cancer patients. [Eur J Cancer, 1995; 31A(6):921-923. 23078 (1995) Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Selenium

Selenium 200 mcg/d reduced cancer mortality by 50%, with mortality from cancers of the prostate and lung being particularly reduced. [Br Med J, February 8, 1997;314:387-388. 26998 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Sunlight

Sunlight - inverse relation between solar UVB and 17 types of internal cancers plus melanoma, and a direct relationship between solar UVB and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and a direct relationship between solar UVA (320-400 nm) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and melanoma. [J Natl Med Assoc, 2006 Mar;98(3):357-64. 44662 (4/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Tocotrienols

Tocotrienols 200 mg b.i.d. with meals may be of benefit. [Mol Aspects Med. 2007 Oct-Dec;28(5-6):692-728. Epub 2007 Mar 27. 46221 (6/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - vegetarian diet - 49219

Vegetarians have lower: all cause mortality; ischemic heart disease (IHD); mortality from circulatory diseases; mortality from cerebrovascular disease; significantly lower cancer incidence than nonvegetarians. Vegetarians have reduced cardiovascular risk factors compared with omnivores including: decreased body mass index; waist to hip ratio; blood pressure; plasma total cholesterol (TC); triglycerides; LDL-C levels; serum lipoprotein(a); plasma factor VII activity; the ratio of TC/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C and TAG/HDL-C, and serum ferritin levels. [Ann Nutr Metab, 2012 Jun 1;60(4):233-240. 49219 (7/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Vitamin B1

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) and transketolase play a central role in the RNA/DNA synthesis, which determines cell proliferation rate and the rapid progression of tumors. Thiamin supplementation and fortification may INCREASE cancer risk. [Anticancer Res, 2000;20:2245-2248. 35864 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Vitamin C

Vitamin C I.V. to achieve a plasma level of ≥ 400 mg/dl (usually 60-100 gms per infusion; patient must be G6PD negative) prior to the first dose of chemotherapy along with oral doses of vitamin E 200 IU/d and vitamin C 3,000-9,000 mg/d. [J Am Coll Nutr, 2003;22(2): 118-123. 40433 (2003)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Vitamin D

Vitamin D - incidence rates of cancers of the breast, colon and ovary are much lower in sunny places in the world; cancers of the kidney and endometrium are lower in sunny regions; inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with cancers of the breast and ovary; and study showing vitamin D levels reduce colon cancer risk. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Vitamin D - 45265

Vitamin D - incidence rates of cancers of the breast, colon and ovary are much lower in sunny places in the world; cancers of the kidney and endometrium are lower in sunny regions; inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with cancers of the breast and ovary; and study showing vitamin D levels reduce colon cancer risk. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (general) - Wheat-germ extract

Wheat-germ extract (fermented, Avemar®) 6 g/m2 orally twice a day (adults 8.5 gms q.d. or b.i.d.) reduced febrile neutropenia risk post-chemotherapy 43%. [J Pediatr Hematol Oncol, October 2004;26(10):631-635. 42296 (01/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (head and neck) - Eicosapentaenoic acid

Cancer (head and neck) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)1.47 grams or 1.61grams per day (n3:n6 ratio of 1.47 and .99 respectively) stabilized weight and serum protein. [Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2008;12(3):177-81. 46684 (1/2009)] Summary PubMed

Cancer (Head and Neck) - Eicosapentaenoic acid 2

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)1.47 grams or 1.61grams per day (n3:n6 ratio of 1.47 and .99 respectively) stabilized weight and serum protein. [Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 2008;12(3):177-81. 46684 (1/2009)] Summary Interview

Cancer (head and neck) - Glutamine

Glutamine 16 g suspension in 240 ml of normal saline given in 30-ml doses, swished for 3 minutes and expectorated 4 times per day significantly reduced the duration and severity of objective oral mucositis during radiotherapy. [Int J Radiation Oncol Biol Phys, 2000;46(3):535-539. 35019 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (head and neck) - Selenium

Selenium 600 mcg/d (sodium selenite) reduced irradiation-induced supraglottic edema. [Trace Elements Electrolytes, 2002;19(1):33-37. 38846 (2002)] Summary Interview

Cancer (head and neck) - Zinc

Zinc in plasma low. [Int J Clin Pract, July 2004;58(7):662-668. 42200 (12/2004)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (head and neck) - Zinc - 2

Zinc 25 mg (Pro-Z) 3 q.d.. [Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys, 2007 Oct 31; [Epub ahead of print]. 45931 (2/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (head and neck) - Zinc sulphate

Zinc sulphate 50 mg t.i.d.. [Int J Clin Pract, July 2004;58(7):662-668. 42200 (12/2004)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Active hexose correlated compound

Active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) 3-6 gm/d. Functional food manufactured from the mycelium of mushrooms is cultured; compounds are extracted; AHCC is obtained through a freeze-dry method. The active component of AHCC is probably an oligosaccharide. AHCC includes a significant amount of alpha-glucan. Mushroom-related functional foods are usually beta-glucan rich. The molecular weight of alpha-glucan is approximately one tenth that of beta-glucan. AHCC enhances natural killer cell activity and acts as a biological response modifier. [J Hepatol, 2002;37:78-86. 40348 (2003)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Branch chain amino acids

Branch chain amino acids at 13 gms/d (Aminoleban EN™, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo) prior to liver resection. [Dig Dis Sci, 2007 May 18; [Epub ahead of print]. 45345 (8/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Glycyrrhizin

Glycyrrhizin I.V. with an average dose of 100 mL 3 times a week (usual dose: 40ml to 100ml once daily, 3-5 times a week) reduced the incidence of HCC from interferon resistant hepatitis C patients. [Hepatol Res, 2007 Sept;37 Suppl 2:S287-93. 46248 (8/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Tea

Tea -10 cups Japanese green tea containing 1 gm tea polyphenols reduced risk. [Mutation Research, 1998;402:307-310. 30770 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Vitamin K2

Vitamin K2 45 mg/d reduced the incidence of hepatocellular cancer in patients with viral cirrhosis. [Hepatol Res. 2007 Sep;37 Suppl 2:S303-7. 46249 (4/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Vitamin K2 - 2

Vitamin K2 45 mg/d reduced the incidence of hepatocellular cancer in patients with viral cirrhosis. [JAMA, July 21, 2004;292 (3):358-361. 41865 (10/2004)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (hepatocellular) - Zinc sulphate

Zinc sulphate 45 mg t.i.d.. [Cancer, May 15, 1998;82(10):1938-1945. 29900, 30253/30000 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed

Cancer (lung) - Alpha-ketoglutarate

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) 7.2 g and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) 720 mg per day (SANOPAL), given in three single doses a day just before breakfast, lunch and dinner. [Eur J Cardiothorac Surg, 2007 Nov;32(5):776-82. Epub 2007 Sep 4. 46255 (07/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed
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