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Bone Loss - adominal fat - 50084 Abdominal fat mass in adults was inversely associated with bone mass at the femur and spine in women. For a given body weight, those with higher fat mass near the abdomen has a lower bone mineral density. Cytokines are involved in the balance between formation and resorption. Centrally located body fat is more metabolically active than fat located elsewhere in the body as it releases a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause local inflammation. Systemic inflammation can increase osteoclast formation, the cells responsible for bone resorption. Abdominal fat mass was associated with lower serum concentrations of osteocalcin. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2011 Oct;94(4):1063-70. Epub 2011 Aug 24. 50084 (5/2012)] Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - alpha linolenic acid - 44995 / 45647 Alpha linolenic acid (ALA) enriched diets from walnuts; walnut and flax oil reduce markers of bone loss and inflammation (NTX and inflammatory cytokines). [Nutr J, 2007 Jan 16;6(1):2 [Epub ahead of print] 44995 / 45647 (3/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Anions - substitution of metabolizable organic anions (e.g., bicarbonate, acetate, citrate) for the inorganic, or “hard” anions (e.g., chloride, sulfate) leads to a reduction in urinary calcium loss. [J Nutr, 1998;128: 1054-1057. 31858 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - antioxidant therapy - 46840 Antioxidant therapy - vitamin C 1000 mg/d and vitamin E 600 mg/d with breakfast. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - antioxidant therapy - 46840 Antioxidant therapy - vitamin C 1000 mg/d and vitamin E 600 mg/d with breakfast. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary |
| Boron supplementation modestly affects mineral status, and exercise modifies the effects of boron supplementation on serum minerals. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1995;61:341-345. 21766 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine without adequate calcium intake may be a risk factor for bone loss while caffeine with adequate calcium is probably not a risk factor. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1994;60:573-578. 21095 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine intake is inversely associated with calcium intake and calcium absorption efficiency (coffee supplied about 93 percent of all the caffeine consumed by study subjects). [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine increases individual’s requirement for calcium. About 40 mg of additional calcium (equal to 1 fl oz of milk) would offset the negative effect of 6 fl oz of caffeine-containing coffee. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Caffeine’s effect on calcium balance - for every 6 fl oz serving of caffeine-containing coffee, calcium balance was more negative by 4.6 mg. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d (calcium citramalate), zinc 15 mg/d, copper 2.5 mg/d and manganese 5.0 mg/d. [J Nutr,1994;124:1060-1064. 17018,18815; J Am Coll Nutr, 1993;12(4):383-389. 18815 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium - maximize bone calcium stores starting in infancy, or preconceptually, continuing well into the 25 to 35 year age bracket, may help optimized bone mineral density well into the later years of life. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1995;61:341-345. 21766 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium (from dairy products) and phosphorus were positively associated with bone density. [American Journal of Epidemiology, 1995;141:342-51. 21849 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium bioavailability from foods or supplements averages about 30%; maybe calcium citrate malate is a little better absorbed than other forms. [J Am Coll Nutr, 2000;19(2):119S-136S. 34927 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d plus 2 mg estriol increased BMD. [J Am Geriatri Soc, April 2002;50(4):777-778. 39257 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 gm/d (from carbonate) increased bone mass. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2005;90(6):3153-3161. 43262 (8/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - calcium - 43866 / 44434 Calcium 800 mg/d plus vitamin D 800 iu/d. [JAMA, 2005 Nov 9;294(18):2336-41. 43866/44434 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Calcium 1000 mg/d, vitamin D3 400 IU/d and vitamin K1 200 mcg/d increased radial bone mineral density. [J Bone Miner Res, 2007; 22(4): 509-519. 45133 (8/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Dairy products are as good a source of calcium as supplements and contain additional bone forming nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus and protein. [J Am Coll Nutr, 2000;19(2):83S-99S. 34929 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| DHEA cream (per 100 gms of cream:10 gms of DHEA; 16 gms of emulsifying wax; 10 gms of light mineral oil; 1 gm of benzyl alcohol; 33.4 gms of purified water; and 29.6 gms of ethanol 95%, patent pending). [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997;82:3498-3505. 29205 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - dhea - 34102 / 34012 DHEA 25-50 mg/d (men and women). [Endocrine, August 1999;11(1):1-11. 34102/34012 (2000)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| DHEA 50 mg/d in a.m.. [Am J Clin Nutr, March 25, 2009;89(5):1459-67 [Epub ahead of print]. 47092 (7/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Diet - fruit, vegetable and cereal diet had greater bone mineral density than the meat and dairy diet; diets containing the greatest amounts of sweets had the lowest bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2002;76:245-252. 39552 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - diet - 44428 / 44929 Diet - too much animal (except for fish) and dairy products; relatively low intake of green and dark yellow vegetables and beans (probably soybeans) may be bone loss risk factors in the Western diet. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1185-92. 44428/44929 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - diet - 44428 / 44929 Diet - vegetables, fruits, fish, and soy products (benefit). [Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 May;83(5):1185-92. 44428/44929 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - estrogen - 12247 / 22386 Estrogen withdrawal (natural or surgical menopause, or with ovarian failure) leads to 15% loss of skeletal bone over a 2 or 3 year period and slightly less efficient calcium absorption. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 12247/22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Exercise with resistance (bands, weights, etc.) is better than weight bearing exercise for bone strength and health though both are beneficial. [Spine, 1996;21:2809-2813. 26348 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - fruit - seafood - 44437 Fruit and seafood intake is associated with increased bone density. [Maturitas, 2006 June 26; [Epub ahead of print]. 44437 (9/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - fruit - vegetable - 42591 / 45037 Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with increased bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 Jun;83(6):1420-8. 42591/45037 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - fruit - vegetable - 43791 Fruit and vegetable intake is associated with increased bone density. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep; 82(3):700-6. 43791 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Genistein 54 mg/d in divided doses irregardless of meals increased BMD at 24 months. [Ann Intern Med, 2007; 146(12): 839-47. 45456 (9/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - green tea, tai chi - 49070 Green tea polyphenols (GTPs) at 500 mg per day (to mimic human consumption equivalent to 4-6 cups of green tea per day) taken in 250 mg capsules 2 times daily after meals by itself or with Tai Chi 3 times weekly at 60 minutes per session. [Osteoporos Int, 2011 July 16; [Epub ahead of print]. 49070 (4/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - homocysteine - 43680 / 43772 Homocysteine is elevated in serum. [Bone, 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/ 43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - inulin-type fructan - 43542 Inulin-type fructan 8 g/d (Raftilose® Synergy1®, Orafti, N.V., Tienen, Belgium). [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Aug;82(2):471-6. 43542 (9/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - isoflavones - 36989 Isoflavones in soy containing foods such as tofu, kinako and natto, etc. are protective. [Osteoporos Int, 2000;11:721-724. 36989 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Magnesium 350 mg/d (elemental from magnesium carbonate and oxide in a dissolvable powder) reduced bone turnover in health males. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1998;83:2742-2748. 30545 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - methylmalonic acid - 43680 / 43772 Methylmalonic acid elevated in serum. [Bone, 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/ 43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Milk intake inversely related to bone loss. [Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Sep;82(3):700-6. 43791 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Minerals - higher intakes of magnesium and potassium were significantly associated with greater bone mineral density in both men and women (may buffer the acid load from standard diet, creating a more alkaline environment slowing mineral removal from bone). [Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:727-736. 32023 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Natto 1-4 servings per week (350 microgram of menaquinone-7 per serving; isoflavones). [J Nutr, 2006; 136(5):1323-8. 44310 (6/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid - 43033 / 934-938 Omega-6:omega-3 fatty acid ratio - increased ratio is associated with increased risk to bone loss. Reduce ratio by increasing omega-3's from fish, flax, walnuts, etc. and decrease omega-6's from vegetable oils and animal fat. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2005;81:934-938. 43033/934-938 5/2005] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - plant protein - 22584 Plant protein leads to less excretion of calcium and achieves calcium balance with lower calcium intake than an animal protein-rich diet. [Nutrition Research, 1994;14(12):1853-1895. 22584 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - premature delivery, vitamin d - 49003 Hypovitaminosis D in perinatal Japanese females (25-OHD concentration ≤ 20 ng/ml), was found in 85 mothers (89.5%). Serum 25-OHD levels were negatively associated with serum type I collagen NTx and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase. Mothers with threatened premature delivery had significantly lower 25-OHD levels (11.2 ± 3.2 ng/ml) than those in mothers with normal delivery (15.6 ± 5.1 ng/ml). [J Bone Miner Metab, 2011 Sept; 29(5): 615-20. 49003 (2/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein - for every 1 gm of protein ingested, about 1 mg of calcium is lost in the urine. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein either from animal or plant is necessary for bone health with an alkaline diet from plant food reducing the sulfur amino acids which are metabolized to sulfuric acid which pulls calcium from bone when excreted. [J Nutr, 1998;128:1054-1057. 31858 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Protein - a high animal:vegetable protein ratio (4 x as much protein from animal than vegetable) had three times the rate of bone loss and 3.7 times as many hip fractures as the women in the low animal:vegetable protein ratio (equal amounts of protein from animal and vegetable foods). [Am J Clin Nutr, 2001;73:118-122. 36705 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - resistance training - 46840 Resistance training. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary |
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Bone Loss - resistance training - 46840 Resistance training. [Osteoporos Int, 2008 Nov 20; [Epub ahead of print]. 46840 (1/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Sodium - for every 2,300 mg of sodium ingested, 52 mg of calcium is lost in the urine. [Osteoporosis International, 1995;5:97-102. 22386 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - soy protein - 35987 Soy protein isolate containing genistein (50.7 mg/day), daidzein (26.9 mg/day), and glycitein (2.8 mg/day) incorporated into muffins, common foods or beverages with a total protein intake of 40 gm/d from soy prevented spinal bone loss in estrogen deficient-postmenopausal women. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2000;72:844-852. 35987 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - testosterone - 43124 Testosterone enanthate 200 mg I.M. alone every 2 weeks or testosterone with finasteride 5 mg/d for 3 years significantly improved bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and hip in males 65 years of age and older. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2004;89(2):503-510. 43124 (6/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vegan diet - 48956 Vegan diets had a non-significant lower rate of bone loss than non-vegans, with lower calcium intake and vitamin D levels. [Eur J Clin Nutr, 2011 Aug 3; [Epub ahead of print]. 48956 (1/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin b12 - 43680 / 43772 Vitamin B12 low in serum. [Bone. 2005 Aug;37(2):234-42. 43680/43772 (10/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin D (1 α-hydroxycholecalciferol 0.5 μg/d) plus K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Maturitas, 2002 Mar 25;41(3):211-21. 43720 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin d - 43866 / 44434 Vitamin D (25 dihydroxy vitamin D) ≥ 20 ng/mL or 50 nmol/L. [JAMA, 2005 Nov 9;294(18):2336-41. 43866/44434 (3/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K is a cofactor in formation of Gla-residues in 3 bone proteins: osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein and protein S synthesized by bone forming osteoblasts. These Gla-proteins increase the calcium-binding capacity of the organic matrix of the bone. Vitamin K may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and reduce osteoclast activity (bone resorption). [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K intake increased circulating osteocalcin and bone-derived alkaline phosphatase, both markers of bone formation. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15: 1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K administration decreased 2-h fasting urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine and calcium/creatinine ratios, both markers of bone resorption. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K is present in the bone matrix in high concentrations; inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts. [Challenges of Modern Medicine, 1995;7:357-366. 24458 (1996)] Summary Interview |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k - 26239 / 26230 Vitamin K insufficiency is a potential risk factor. [Calcif. Tissue Int., 1996;59: 352-356. 26239/26230 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K is a cofactor in formation of Gla-residues in 3 bone proteins: osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein and protein S synthesized by bone forming osteoblasts. These Gla-proteins increase the calcium-binding capacity of the organic matrix of the bone. Vitamin K may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and reduce osteoclast activity (bone resorption). [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Vitamin K in the diet improved status of bone properties, including markers of strength and porosity rather than bone mineral density. [Bone, 2011 April 4; [Epub ahead of print]. 48617 (5/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k1 - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) 1 mg/d. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/ 23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 15206 / 23088 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) 45 mg/d. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 15206/ 23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 36989 Vitamin K2 90 mg/d. [Osteoporos Int, 2000;11:721-724. 36989 (2001)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 39149 Vitamin K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 43635 / 41865 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) 45 mg/d reduced bone loss and incidence of hepatic carcinoma in patients with viral cirrhosis. [JAMA, July 21, 2004;292(3):358-361. 43635/41865 (10/2004)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Bone Loss - vitamin k2 - 43720 Vitamin K2 15 mg t.i.d.. [Maturitas, 2002 Mar 25;41(3):211-21. 43720 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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