Expert Pearls
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Coronary Artery Disease - combination therapy - 46916 Combination Therapy - Niaspan® 500-1500 mg/d at dinner-time; EPA + DHA mean dose of 1440 mg/d in a divided dose with breakfast and dinner; vitamin D 3590 IU/d (25-hydroxy vitamin D of 50-60 nag/ml) in gel cap form; and the American Heart Association Step II diet with 30% of calories from fat, ≤7% from saturated fat either stopped or reversed calcium scores. The goal was to get LDL < 60, HDL > 60 and triglycerides < 60 with the above approach. There was marked improvement in this program with the addition of vitamin D. [Am J Ther, 2008 Dec 15; [Epub ahead of print]. 46916 (3/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Altitude Altitude - living at higher altitude is protective - hypothesis is more ultraviolet light exposure is protective. [Quart J Med, 1996;89:579-589. 26440 (1997)] Summary Interview |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Anger Anger (high scores on The Anger Expression Scale) was significantly associated with coronary calcification regardless of the risk factors. [Yonsei Med J, October 2003;44(5):793-799. 41363 (2004)] Summary Interview |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Angioplasty restenosis/“hostility’ Angioplasty restenosis prevention by “hostility’ reduction with an educational component; biofeedback training in techniques (non-pharmacological) learned in several hours, consistent with their lifestyle, giving them the ability to control hemodynamic/blood pressure, sympathetic nervous system/adrenaline hyper-reactivity; and behavioral strategies customized to each patient's traditional cardiac risk-factors (i.e. smoking reduction/cessation, weight loss and easy ways to increase compliance with lipid-lowering diets, etc.). [Mayo Clinic Proceedings, May 1997;172:487. 27376A; Mayo Clinic Proceedings, August 1996;71(8): 729-734; (Editorial, August 1996;71(8):817-819). 27375 (1997)] Summary Interview |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Caffeine Caffeine intake daily may increase deaths from coronary heart disease 9 to 14; 17 to 24 percent in deaths from stroke. [The Lancet, 1997;349:279-281. 27049 (1997)] Summary Interview |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10 100 mg t.i.d. with meals improved endothelial function and extracellular SOD. [Eur Heart J, 2007 Jul 19; [Epub ahead of print]. 45545 (9/2007)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet Diet - refined carbohydrate (high glycemic index) associated with coronary atherosclerotic progression in postmenopausal females. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80:1175-1184. 42311 (12/2004)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet - 2 Diet - higher in saturated fat intake was associated with less progression of coronary atherosclerosis in postmenopausal females. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80:1175-1184. 42311 (12/2004)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet - 3 Diet - Reduce trans fat and saturated fat intake and replace with cis-unhydrogenated unsaturated fatty acids from natural liquid vegetable oils; reduce the consumption of refined carbohydrates and replace with whole grain products; increase consumption of vegetables and fruits; and balance caloric intake and physical activity to maintain optimal body weight. [NEJ M, Nov 20, 1997;1491-1499. 28614 (1998)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet - 4 Diet - eat whole-grain or high fiber carbohydrates instead of refined or high glycemic index carbohydrates. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80:1175-1184. 42311 (12/2004)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet - 5 Diet - replace saturated fat with monounsaturated fats, alpha-linolenic acid and omega-3 fatty acids; reduce trans fatty acids; and eat low glycemic unrefined carbohydrate versus refined carbohydrate. [Soc Exp Biol Med, 2000;187-190. 37997 (2001)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Diet - 6 Diet - whole grain (42 grams/day) had a 18% reduced risk of coronary heart disease compared to men with the lowest intake of whole grains (3.5 grams/day). [Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80:1492-1499. 42441 (01/2005)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Eicosapentaenoic acid Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) 2.4 gm/d + Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) 1.6 gm/d. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2000;72:389-394. 35828 (2000)] Summary |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) at 500-1000 mg/d are cardioprotective. [Prev Med, 2004;39:212-220. 42377 (01/2005)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Fish Fish - primary prevention 8-9 oz per week of oily fish; secondary prevention 3-4 oz per day of fish oil. [Prev Med, 2004;39:212-220. 42377 (01/2005)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Magnesium orotate Magnesium orotate 1,000 mg (65.6 mg of elemental magnesium) t.i.d.. [Cardiovascular Drugs and Surgery, 1998;12:153-156. 31201 (1999)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Mediterranean diet Mediterranean diet is cardioprotective. [J Am Coll Cardiol, November 1, 1996; 28(5):1103-8. 26778 (1997)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Mediterranean diet - 2 Mediterranean diet is a non strict vegetarian diet rich in cereals, bread and rice (whole grains preferred); rich in fresh fruits, vegetables and legumes; poor in meat, delicatessen and fat rich dairy products (whole milk, butter and cream were not allowed); edible fats are olive oil, canola oil and a canola oil- derived margarine; a low-fat diet with a conservative protein intake; consumption of fish is encouraged and light wine drinking was allowed. [Arch Intern Med, June 8, 1998;8:1181-1187. 30567 (1998)] |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - N-acetylcysteine N-acetylcysteine (NAC) I.V. at 50 mg/kg bolus 1 hour pre-operatively (CABG and/or valve surgery) and then at 50 mg/kg/d for the next 48 hours reduced atrial fibrillation. [Eur Heart J, 2008; 29(5): 625-31. 46319 (08/2008)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Omega-3 Index Omega-3 Index (high omega-3 levels) >8% of total RBC fatty acids as EPA+DHA are associated with a 90% reduction in risk for sudden cardiac death compared to levels <4%. (Omega-3 Index Test online at www.omegametrix.com or by phone at (866) 677-4900). [Prev Med, 2004;39:212-220. 42377 (01/2005)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Vitamin C Vitamin C 500-1000 mg/d reduces restenosis after coronary angioplasty. [Am J Cardiol, 1996;1284-1286. 26275 (1997)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Vitamin E Vitamin E 100 to 440 I.U./d. [JAMA, June 21, 1995;273(23):1849-1854. 22666 (1995)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Vitamin E - 2 Vitamin E 100 to 400 I.U./d. [Heart, 1996;76:355-357. 26010 (1996)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) - Vitamin K2 Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) intake from the diet (found in meat, cheese and milk) was inversely related to coronary calcification while vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) dietary intake (found in green vegetables) showed no relationship with coronary calcification. [Atherosclerosis, 2008 July 19; [Epub ahead of print]. 46640 (10/2008)] Summary |
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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease - Pomegranate Pomegranate juice 50 ml/d or pomegranate polyphenol extract 5 mL/d in a single dose with a meal. [J Agric Food Chem, 2008; 56(18): 8704-13. 46918 (3/2009)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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