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Coronary Artery/Heart Disease (see also cardiovascular disease) |
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Urinary Tract Infection - cranberry juice - 49044 Ocean Spray Cranberry Classic at 5 ml/kg/day up to 300 ml/day in one or two doses with meals reduced the number of UTI recurrences and time on antimicrobials. No side effects were noted. Compliance was not optimal. Consuming the juice with a straw may improve compliance. Cranberry juice proanthocyanidins may work by inhibiting the attachment of E. coli (bacteria) to the uroepithelium; may inhibit E. coli from forming biofilms in bladder uroepithelium' or may alter gut flora positively. [Clin Infect Dis, 2012 Feb;54(3):340-6. 49044 (3/2012)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Urinary Tract Infection - Estriol Estriol 0.5 gm b.i.w. as a vaginal estriol cream x 8 months in patients with recurrent UTIs. [Infect Dis Clin Pract, 1999;8:64-66. 32504 (1999)] Summary Interview |
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Urinary Tract Infection - Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus acidophilus 2 billion viable organisms b.i.d. for a month (pediatric recurrent UTIs). [Clin Pediatr, Jan/Feb 2004, 43(1):95-98. 41367 (2004)] Summary Interview |
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Urticaria (chronic) - Helicobacter Pylori infection Helicobacter Pylori infection. [ACTA Dermatologica Vernol (Stockh), 1995;75: 484-487. 24651 (1996)] Summary Interview |
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Urticaria (chronic) - limination diet Pseudoallergen-free elimination diet excluding artificial food additives and naturally occurring pseudoallergens (i.e. salicylates and parahyroxibenzoic acid); tests to exclude type I allergy; and stool exams for parasites and candida. [ACTA Dermatologica Vernol (Stockh), 1995;75:484-487. 24651 (1996)] Summary Interview |
| Vitamin C 500 mg b.i.d. and vitamin E 100 mg b.i.d.. [Br J Ophthalmol November 1999;83:(11):1277-1282. 34100 (2000)] Summary Interview |
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Vaginiitis - lactobacillus - 48197 L. rhamnosus GR-1 and L. reuteri RC-14 at 2 x109 viable bacteria orally in the morning and at night (4 x 109 total daily) taken as a capsule containing freeze dried bacteria. [Int J Gynaecol Obstet, 2010 Aug 27; [Epub ahead of print] 48197] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vaginitis (atrophic, see atrophic vaginitis) - dhea - 29205 DHEA cream (10 gms of DHEA; 16 gms of emulsifying wax; DHEA cream 10 gms of light mineral oil; 1 gm of benzyl alcohol; 33.4 gms of purified water; and 29.6 gms of ethanol 95% per 100 gms of cream). [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997;82:3498-3505. 29205 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vaginitis (bacterial) - lactobacillus - 26161 Lactobacillus enriched yogurt. [Arch Family Med, Nov/Dec 1996;5:593-596. 26161 (1997)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vaginitis (candidiasis) - beta-carotene - 21510 Beta-carotene was lower in the exfoliated vaginal cells. [Am J Repro Immunol, 1994;32:221-225. 21510 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vegan/Vegetarian Diet - Diabetic neuropathy Diabetic neuropathy reduced in 4-17 days. [J Nutr Med, 1994;4:431-439. 21878] Summary Interview |
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Vegan/Vegetarian Diet - Vitamin B12 Vitamin B12 needs to be supplemented in vegan diet. [J Nutr Med, 1994;4:431-439. 21878] Summary Interview |
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Ventricular Function - Ejection fraction Ejection fraction improved - amino acid mixture 12 gm/d (L-leucine 3.8, L- lysine 2, L-isoleucine 1.9, L-valine 1.9, L-threonine 1.1, L-cystine 0.4, L-histidine 0.4, L-phenylalanine 0.3, L-methionine 0.2, L-tyrosine 0.1, and L-tryptophan 0.1.). [Gerontology, 2005 Sep-Oct;51(5):302-8. 42895/43681 (11/2005)] Summary Interview |
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Very Low Birth Weight Infants - docosahexaenoic acid (dha) - 48450 DHA ranging from about 30 mg/kg/d (total intravenous lipid intake was 0.5g/kg/d) to about 200 mg/kg/d (total intravenous lipid intake was 3.5g/kg/d) given continuously as a 24 hour intravenous infusion (Omegaven contains DHA and EPA in a proportion of about 2:1) administered from the first day of life in VLBW infants reduced the need for laser therapy to treat retinopathy. [Pediatrics, 2011;127:223-228 48450 (05/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Very Low Birth Weight Infants - Glutamine Glutamine 0.3 gm/kg/d (maximum dose) reduce hospital costs by 30%. [J Parenteral Enteral Nutr, 1998;22:352-356. 31097 (1999)] Summary Interview |
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Very Low Birth Weight Infants - Glutamine - 2 Glutamine 0.3 gm/kg/d (maximum dose) reduce hospital costs by 30%. [J Pediatrics, 1997;131:691-699. 29199 ] Summary |
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Veterinary Medicine - Fatty acid Fatty acid replacement - omega-6s for dermatologic conditions; omega-3 and 6s for allergic conditions; and omega-3s for musculoskeletal conditions. [Veterinary Medicine, December 1995;1149-1155. 23911;Veterinary Medicine, December 1995;1156-1159. 23912;Veterinary Medicine, December 1995;1138-1148. 23913 (1996)] Summary Interview |
| Cholesterol (low < 250 mg/dl) was shown to be linked to subsequent arrests for violent crimes. [J Psychiatric Res, 2000;34:301-309. 36580 (2001)] Summary Interview |
| Type A individuals - elevated serum copper/zinc ratios and elevated lead, cadmium and magnesium along with depressed sodium, potassium and manganese. Type A's generally have a history of episodic violence followed by genuine remorse. Type B’s have a high incidence of learning disabilities, allergies and acne. [Physiology and Behavior, 1997;62(2):327-329. 27960 (1997)] Summary Interview |
| Type B individuals have depressed serum copper/zinc ratios, elevated sodium, potassium, lead, cadmium, magnesium and abnormal (high or low) levels of manganese. This pattern is commonly found in sociopaths and career criminals who have a history of violent acts with absence of remorse. Copper and zinc were found to be quite significant in this typing. [Physiology and Behavior, 1997;62(2):327-329. 27960 (1997)] Summary Interview |
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Vision - cocoa flavanols - 48676 Cocoa flavanols (CF)773 mg from specially prepared dark chocolate in a onetime dose away from meals and after breakfast, with avoidances of caffeine,alcohol,and high flavonoid foods for 24 hours. [Physiol Behav, 2011 June 1; 103(3-4): 255-60. 48676 (6/2011)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin A - Hepatoxicity/ Cirrhosis Hepatoxicity: cirrhosis -vitamin A intake about 400 x 106 IU/d; non-cirrhotic portal hypertension - 150 x 106 IU/d; 20 x 106 IU/d the lowest dose observed to induced liver damage. [Am J Med, April 1995;98(4) 424. 22235 (1995)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin B1 - Red cell transketolase Red cell transketolase is best assessment test. [J Am Coll Nutr, 1988;7(1):61-67. 29204 (1998)] Summary Interview |
| Aging - maybe 5 to 10% of elderly individuals may be deficient with neurologic damage, without megaloblastic anemia or a high MCV. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1994;60:2-11. 20547 (1996)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin B12 - Methylmalonic acid Methylmalonic acid elevated in the absence of anemia and macrocytosis may indicate a vitamin B12 deficiency. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1994;60:2-11. 20547 (1996)] Summary Interview |
| Vitamin B12 647 mcg/d or more P.O. normalized biochemical markers of B12 insufficiency (methylmalonic acid) [Arch Intern Med, 2005 May 23;165(10)1167-72. 43594/43599 (3/2006)] Summary Interview |
| Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in autoimmune thyroid disease. [Am J Med Sci; 2006; 332(3):119-22. 45530 (12/2007)] Summary Interview |
| Vitamin B12 needs to be supplemented in vegan diet. [J Nutr Med, 1994;4:431-439. 21878] Summary Interview |
| Vitamin B12 normal ranges should be 600 to 2000 pg/ml. Below 550 to 600 pg/ml deficiencies start to appear in the CSF. Humans are born with serum levels of about 2000 pg/ml, which decline gradually throughout life. [Medical Hypotheses, 1991;34:131-140. 28725 (1998)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin B6 - Pyridoxal phosphate Pyridoxal phosphate and pyridoxal are the best assessments tests. [Biochemical and Metabolic Biology, 1994; 52:10-17. 20478 (1996)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin C - Neurologic disorders Neurologic disorders - beneficial by protecting neurons against the neurotoxic effects of glutamate; is an inhibitor at the dopamine receptor; is a powerful antioxidant and is the main defense of the brain against toxic free radicals (FORs); works in tandem with vitamin E. Vitamin E is found mostly in the glia and ascorbate in the neurons. These antioxidants also act on the gene expression of other antioxidant systems. [J Royal Soc Med, May, 1996;89(5):241. 24982/24872 (1997)] Summary Interview |
| Aging - deficiency is common in the elderly. Risk factors include lack of sunlight, medications, malabsorption and surgery. Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with bone loss, increased risk of fractures, muscle weakness, pain and impairment of immunologic function. Vitamin D 30 minutes of sunlight 2 to 3 times a week; vitamin D2 100,000 IU every 3 months or vitamin D3 800-1600 I.U./d. [J Am Geriatric Soc, 1995;43: 822-828. 22863 (1996)] [J Am Geriatric Soc, 1995;43: 822-828. 22863 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Chronic disease - benefits to blood pressure, bone, cancer prevention, multiple sclerosis, osteoarthritis and other chronic conditions. [Am J Clin Nutr, 1999;69:842-856. 32120 (1999)] [Am J Clin Nutr, 1999;69:842-856. 32120 (1999)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin D - Hypovitaminosis D (1) Hypovitaminosis D is inversely related and more prevalent in diabetes mellitus and carotid atherosclerosis. [Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Nov;65(5): 593-597. 45399 (1/2007)] [Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2006 Nov;65(5): 593-597. 45399 (1/2007)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin D - Hypovitaminosis D (2) Hypovitaminosis D is inversely related to heart failure and sudden cardiac dealth in coronary artery disease patients. [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008 August 5; [Epub ahead of print]. 46572 (9/2008)] [J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 2008 August 5; [Epub ahead of print]. 46572 (9/2008)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin D - Hypovitaminosis D (3) Hypovitaminosis D was found in more than half of the patients on a general medical ward. [NEJM, March 19, 1998;338(12):777-783. 29471 (1998)] [NEJM, March 19, 1998;338(12):777-783. 29471 (1998)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Levels of 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 below 31 ng/ml are insufficient and below 10 ng/ml are deficient. [J Bone Mineral Res, 2005;20(8):1327-1333. 43486 (8/2005)] Summary Interview |
| Supplementation - Everyone should supplement with vitamin D3: 500-600 IU/d for infants, 1000 IU/day for children and 2000 IU/d for adolescents and adults. Vitamin D2 is less effective than vitamin D3 for cancer prevention. Everyone who takes vitamin D supplements should drink 6-8 glasses of fluids per day, and should take care to avoid dehydration and possible risk to kidney stones. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin D - Supplementation - 2000 IU Supplementation - 2000 IU of vitamin D3 orally for everyone aged 5 and older, plus 10-15 minutes daily in the sun between 10A.M. and 2 P.M., if skin type permits (easily tan, rarely burn) in the summer season. Sun exposure beyond 15 minutes isn’t usually helpful for vitamin D synthesis, unless heavily pigmented skin. Surface area is important so shorts and, if necessary, a small top are best for exposure. [Am J Prev Med, 2007 Mar;32(3):210-6. 45894 (7/2007)] [Am J Prev Med, 2007 Mar;32(3):210-6. 45894 (7/2007)] Summary Interview |
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Vitamin D - Supplementation - serum 25 Supplementation - serum 25(OH)D levels between 40-60 ng/ml are the target range. This will require at least 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3, and a few minutes (5-15 minutes) in the sun around noon when season allows. Duration of exposure depends on skin type, but more than 15 minutes is rarely needed. 40% of the skin area should be exposed. A hat with a broad brim should always be worn when spending more than a few minutes in the sun. Sun screens prevent photosynthesis of vitamin D and should be avoided during the first 5-15 minutes of exposure. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary Interview |
| Toxicity is exaggerated. Consuming more than 40,000 IU/day for many months with circulating calcium levels increasing. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (1/2008)] Summary Interview |
| Toxicity is exaggerated. Consuming more than 40,000 IU/day for many months with circulating calcium levels increasing. [Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:842-856. 32120 (1999)] Summary Interview |
| Cancer - incidence rates of cancers of the breast, colon and ovary are much lower in sunny places in the world; cancers of the kidney and endometrium are lower in sunny regions; inverse associations of serum 25(OH)D with cancers of the breast and ovary; and a study showing vitamin D levels reduce colon cancer risk. [J Steroid Biochem Molec Biol, 2007;103(3-5):708-711. 45265 (2/2008)] Summary |
| Supplementation with alpha-tocopherol decreased cellular gamma-tocopherol, whereas mixed tocopherols (containing mainly gamma) increased both alpha- and gamma-tocopherol in serum and cells. [Am J Clin Nutr, 2006 Jan;83(1):95102. 44155/44447 (2/2006)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin K - bioavailability - 39149 Bioavailability - vitamin K1 from food is approximately two to five fold less bioavailable than vitamin K1 from supplements. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin K - deficiency - 36503/23088 Deficiency is common if defined as Gla-content of the bone protein osteocalcin being below normal. [Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 36503/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Half-life of vitamin K2 in plasma is significantly longer than K1, allowing for longer availability to extrahepatic tissues, like bone, than vitamin K1. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin K - osteocalcin - 36503/23088 Functions as a cofactor in formation of Gla-residues in 3 bone proteins: osteocalcin, matrix Gla-protein and protein S synthesized by bone forming osteoblasts. These three Gla-proteins increase the calcium-binding capacity of the organic matrix of the bone. Vitamin K may stimulate osteoblast differentiation and reduce osteoclast activity (bone resorption). [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)][Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 36503/23088 (1995)] [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)][Ann Rev Nutr, 1995;15:1-22. 36503/23088 (1995)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Synthesis - Vitamin K1 is synthesized by plants, vitamin K2 is produced by bacteria. [Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care, 2001;4:483-487. 39149 (2002)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitamin K - Undercaboxylated osteocalcin Undercaboxylated osteocalcin - vitamin K assessment. [Maturitas, 2002 Mar 25;41(3):211-21. 43720 (12/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Levels (optimal) - 25 hydroxy vitamin D3 20 ng/ml deficient; 40 ng/ml sufficient; and 60 ng/ml optimal [Am J Prev Med, 2007 Mar;32(3):210-6. 45061/45894 (7/2007)] [Am J Prev Med, 2007 Mar;32(3):210-6. 45061/45894 (7/2007)] Summary Interview |
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Vitiligo - folic acid, vitamin b12 - 29529 Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) 1 mg and folic acid 5 mg in tablets b.i.d. for three months. [Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1997;77:460-462. 29529 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Vitramin D - Insufficiency elderly Insufficiency is common, especially in the elderly, due to lack of food sources and poor sun exposure. [Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:842-856. 32120 (1999)] [Am J Clin Nutr 1999;69:842-856. 32120 (1999)] Summary Interview PubMed |
| Zinc 10 mg/kg up to 600 mg/d as zinc sulphate (150 mg elemental zinc) in three divided doses. [Br J Dermatol, 2002;146:423-431. 40123 (2003)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Weight Gain - catechins - 42642 Catechins 690 mg in 1 bottle/d oolong tea (from green tea extract).[Am J Clin Nutr, 2005;81:122-129. 42642 (04/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Weight Gain - creatine - 32700 Creatine 20 g/d loading dose x 5 days then 2-5 gm/d (questionable benefit for ‘sprinting' exercises).[Clin J Sports Med 1998;8(4):286-297. 32700 (1999)] Summary Interview |
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Weight Gain - whole grain - 42315 Whole grain consumption was inversely correlated with weight gain. If men increased their intake of whole grains by 40 gm/d (amount in 1 cup brown rice), they would gain 1 kg LESS weight than their counterparts over time.[Am J Clin Nutr, 2004;80:1237-1245. 42315 (01/2005)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Wilson’s Disease - ceruloplasm - 20382 Ceruloplasm is a guide. It affects the index of suspicion when it is low, which is about 90% of the time. About 10% of patients have a normal ceruloplasmin and about 10% of carriers of the gene have a low ceruloplasmin, even though they will never be ill. It is not diagnostic. [Arch Neurolology June 1994;51:545-554. 20382 (1996)] 1996 Summary Interview PubMed |
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Wilson’s Disease - copper - 20382 24 hr urine copper is best assessment; > 100 mcg/ 24 hours in a well-performed test is virtually diagnostic of Wilson's disease. The "gold standard" for diagnosis is the quantitative copper in a liver biopsy. [Arch Neurolology, June 1994;51:545-554. 20382 (1996)] |
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Wilson’s Disease - copper, zinc - 20382 Urinary copper and zinc (24 hr collection) for follow-up/monitoring of therapy every 6 months. [Arch Neurology, June 1994;51:545-554. 20382 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Wilson’s Disease - tetrathiomolybdate - 20382 Tetrathiomolybdate 20 mg t.i.d. with meals and 20 mg t.i.d between meals. Treat for 8 weeks and then switch to zinc acetate maintenance therapy (used for neurologic symptoms and acutely ill patients). [Arch Neurology, June 1994;51:545-554. 20382 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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Wilson’s Disease - zinc acetate - 20382 Zinc acetate -150 mg/d of elemental zinc in 3 divided doses 1 hour away from meals. For young patients use 25 mg, 3 times a day (used for chronically ill patients). [Arch Neurology, June 1994;51:545-554. 20382 (1996)] Summary Interview PubMed |
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